The Impact Of Law On White Collar Criminals Essay

The use of theories in explaining the various phenomena in society has always found sufficient backing not only in history but also in contemporary global affairs. Notably, both positivists and constructivist theories play a role in depicting variants in societal behavior. There are many deviant acts that are considered criminal or non-criminal behavior. White- collar crimes are considered a form of deviant behavior. These crimes rank among the various forms of crime existing within the context of society. According to Fredericks, McComas and Weatherby (2016), white-collar crime encompasses the nonviolent criminal activities committed for monetary gain within the financial situations. Therefore, as part of the criminal realms, white-collar crimes have a likely reason and course leading to the occurrence in the business and commercial world. Functionalism views the society as comprising the different sections working in unison (Holmwood, 2005) while conflict theory envisions a society where the interest of people and groups have a power completion (Bystrova Gottschalk, 2015). This essay aims to illustrate the occurrence and the impact of law on white-collar criminals regarding the functionalist and conflict perspectives. In our modern world, there are different types of crime whose legal and societal explanation relies on the availability of sound information based on both facts. In the normal functioning of the community, each possesses essential skills and abilitiesShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Invincible Criminal1400 Words   |  6 Pages1996 report of the National Criminal Justice Commission estimated that the annual cost of white-collar crime is between $130 billion and $472 billion, seven to twenty-five times greater than the cost of conventional or street crime (Conklin, 2010, P. 71). White-collar crime in America is considered larceny committed by the wealthy, respected, and legitimate enterprise which is not set up or intended to go out of business like an ordinary fraud or con game. White-collar crime offenses may involve forgeryRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes785 Words   |  3 PagesWhite Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes Name Tutor Course Title Date Submitted White Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes: The term white collar crime was first introduced by Edwin Sutherland, a criminologist and sociologist, in 1939. The criminologist defined the term as offenses committed by individuals of respectability and high social status while in their different occupations. He also included criminal offenses carried out by corporations and other lawful organizationsRead More The Tragedy of White-Collar Crime Essay examples932 Words   |  4 Pagesdownturn forced society to ask question not normally asked. The reality that there are criminal who has assessed too many people retirement and investment is a shocking and alarming to the non-professional investor. When someone is in a legitimate occupation and committing, an illegal act is a white-collar crime. â€Å"To be more concise white - collar crime is define as any illegal act, punishable by a criminal sanction, that is committed in the courses of a legitimate occupation or pursuit byRead MoreUnderstanding White Collar Crime1023 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding White Collar Crime Donald J. Joslyn Tri County Tech Understanding White Collar Crime In the United States, there are many different types of crimes that are committed. One type of crime that is considered non-violent would be white-collar crime. Under white collared crimes there are hundreds of different types of crimes that would fall under this category. Sociologist and criminologists have come up with many different theories to what white-collar crime is and what type of peopleRead MoreWhite Collar Street Crime Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime or Street Crime: Which is More Costly to Society? What is crime? Merriam-Webster defines crime as â€Å"an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (Merriam-Webster). There are many types of crime but the two this paper will focus on are street crime and white- collar crime. There is no definitive definition of street crime, but it is generallyRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Is A Serious Issue Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesWhite collar crime is a serious issue in the United States. White-collar crime is â€Å"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation† (cornell.edu). Examples of such offenses include bribery, credit card fraud, insurance fraud, bank fraud, blackmail, extortion, forgery, securities fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement, repair scams, Ponzi and pyramid schemes. These non-violent crimes are responsible for an esti mated $250 billion to $1 trillion inRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1431 Words   |  6 PagesThey are white collar crimes and street crimes. White collar crimes are considered nonviolent crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation such as fraud, embezzlement, or bribery. On the other hand, street crimes are any criminal offense in a public place which can be robbery or burglary. There are many barriers proving the acceptability of one over the other. Lack of awareness, lack of education, and social class make white-collar crimesRead MoreWhite-Collar Crime Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesfraud, this also known as a white-collar crime. These crimes involve a few different methods that take place within a business setting. While ethical business practices add money to the bottom line, unethical practices are ultimately leading to business failure and impacting the U.S. financially. The forms of bribery and embezzlement have been around longer than dirt. The earliest white-collar crime, that was documented, dates back to the 15th century in England. The law was forced upon society inRead MoreEssay on White-Collar Crime Vs. Street Crime1070 Words   |  5 Pagesis usually reported? The weather, local activities, headline news, or daily criminal activity. Shootings, stabbings, homicides, etc. are all discussed by media anchors these days. This causes most everyone in our society to become familiar with crimes that are considered street crimes. What most people don’t hear about on the news is what is considered white-collar crime, sometimes known as corporate crime. White-collar crime not only is less reported in the media but also receives weaker punishmentsRead MoreWhite Collar And Organized Crime Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and Organized

Comunication Nowadays Free Essays

I do not think so, they are just preferring those ways to communicate because they’re fast, convenient and fun. First, they are very fast. We live in a world where communication is a very important thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Comunication Nowadays or any similar topic only for you Order Now Suppose you’re on a long trip and having a call to home to your cruel wife is must be required, how would you react? Of course, the mobile phone will be your best friend in this case. You can also save time and shorten four call is not received instantaneous by testing messages, so that the receivers can view your messages whenever hey see their phone. Second, they are convenient. The funny example above just to show that communication nowadays is fast, and it’s not only fast, but it’s also very convenient . One of the features of the mobile phones is allowing users to send messages to multiple recipients at the same time. It’s extremely useful for you when you have to call for many people and the content is the same such as inviting to a party or sending a learning plan for your friends instead of calling one-by-one. Finally, using email or social outworks to communicate with each other are fun ways to keep in touch especially helpful with people who have friends or family members live far away from them. These are a places for you to be creative in your words and get rid of stress through several simple funny emoticons. In addition, email or social networks are also necessary for people who lives abroad such as student. I’ve heard that most student learning aboard said that homesick is very terrible. And they couldn’t imagine how hard of living abroad be without something like email or social networks. The world has been producing many new high technology devices for communicating recently and probably many of more in the future that some people think talking face-to-face daily or using tradition phones like the old fashions. But they are just an easier way to communicate with people. Communication nowadays may be less frequently and directly than the past but things are changed, people have their choices to decide to communicate in their ways. In my opinion, we are communicating better than the past. How to cite Comunication Nowadays, Papers

Cultural Anthropology and Ethnographic Fieldwork Essay Example For Students

Cultural Anthropology and Ethnographic Fieldwork Essay Cultural Anthropology and Ethnographic Fieldwork James P. Spradley (1979) described the insider approach to understanding culture as a quiet revolution among the social sciences (p. iii). Cultural anthropologists, however, have long emphasized the importance of the ethnographic method, an approach to understanding a different culture through participation, observation, the use of key informants, and interviews. Cultural anthropologists have employed the ethnographic method in an attempt to surmount several formidable cultural questions: How can one understand anothers culture? How can culture be qualitatively and quantitatively assessed? What aspects of a culture make it unique and which connect it to other cultures? If ethnographies can provide answers to these difficult questions, then Spradley has correctly identified this method as revolutionary. Cultures are infinitely complex. Culture, as Spradley (1979) defines it, is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experiences and generate social behavior (p. 5). Spradleys emphasizes that culture involves the use of knowledge. While some aspects of culture can be neatly arranged into categories and quantified with numbers and statistics, much of culture is encoded in schema, or ways of thinking (Levinson Ember, 1996, p. 418). In order to accurately understand a culture, one must apply the correct schema and make inferences which parallel those made my natives. Spradley suggests that culture is not merely a cognitive map of beliefs and behaviors that can be objectively charted; rather, it is a set of map-making skills through which cultural behaviors, customs, language, and artifacts must be plotted (p. 7). This definition of culture offers insight into . .Not a Real Fish: The Ethnographer as Insider-Outsider. In P. R. DeVita (Ed.), The Naked Anthropologist: Tales from Around the World (pp. 73-8). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Mead, Margaret. Margaret Mead: Taking Note. (video) Raybeck, D. (1992). Getting Below the Surface. In P. R. DeVita (Ed.), The Naked Anthropologist: Tales from Around the World (pp. 73-8). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Spearman, A. M. (1988). Yoqui: Forest Nomads in a Changing World. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Spearman, A. M. Fighting the Odds for Cultural Survival. (publishing information was unavailable) Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Pub. Spradley, J. P. McCurdy, D. W. (1972). The Cultural Experience: Ethnography in a Complex Society. Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Sexual Orientation In TodayS Society Essays - Gender,

Sexual Orientation In Today'S Society Sexual Orientation in Today's Society In Today's spciety, we can brag about our sexual orientation. There are many role models today who are centerpieces for the gay community. These leaders helped get homosexual people to the level that they are on today. ?Taboo? was the word that was used for any discussion on this matter. Thirty years ago, it was unheard of to have a gay character on television, or in politics or even as your co-worker. Now within the last fifteen to twenty years. People have accepted homosexuals even more due to the understanding and severity of the AIDS virus. When the AIDS virus was discovered in 1981, people labeled it as ?Gay Man's Disease?. This is not the case. True, gay men are a percentage of the growing population of america's AIDS patients. But included in it are drug users and unfortunate blood transfusions. In this paper, I will elaborate on the many theories why people are homosexual and the predjusies that they endure. A main idea for the reason why people are gay is the Nurture vs Nature theory. It is one of the ways of thinking that have been thrown up in the air for a while. It tries to prove that since birth that there has been a growing chemical inbalance in the person growing up in society. This of course is not a fashionable notion today. The overwhelming message of the popular culture, which a thousand films and ten thousand love songs drill into us, is that to find a full life we must seek adventure, drink the cup of passion, follow our heart. Loving you can't be wrong, the voice croons, because it feels so right. They want to believe this. They may even get a vicarious thrill from watching it work out happily ever after on the silver screen. But in their better moments, they know otherwise. They know, even without Scripture to tell us, that the heart is devious above all else (Jer 17:9), that positive experiences and strong desires can never legitimize immorality. They know it when a pedophile describes his nurturing relationships with children. They know it when an adulterous wife complains of her boring husband. They know it when a pornographer proclaims his rights of free speech. They know it when a stripper rationalizes her exploitation. They feel so strongly on their pride and will do anything to uphold it. They face a certain problem where there is little or less understanding on their culture and the way that they live. ?Gay-Bashing? has become a serious problem in todays society. Just last year in Michigan a young man was tied up and beaten to death all because of his sexual orientation. This is a quote from a gay basher who has his own website: ? When I was young, I remember working in a Pizza Hut and a homo grabbed my ass, I turned around to punch him in the face and quickly realized I'd be fired if I did. I stormed off to the back of the restaurant until he left. After complaining to a few thugs who also worked there, they told me that I would be great to join them for their little hobby in Harrisburg. They said they'd go to River street where queers hang out, pick one up, beat the crap out of him and steal his wallet. They proposed that I'd be good for helping to roll queers, and they had yet to find one with less than 50 bucks. At first I thought yeah, that would be fun, especially because I was still really ticked?. In SoHo, many homosexuals work along with the neighborhood police to help wipe out this problem. According to ?Rainbow Stew?, a outrach organization to help every gay person. ?This is a serious problem that our people are faced with every day now. It is not looked at as serioulsly as religious persecution but it should be.? We have to understand that they are people to and even though we might not agree with the way they live their lives. We must respect them, the same way that they show respect to us. The main type of discrimination against the homoselual people is Homophobia. This is the fear of gay people. This is not an argument to criminalize or imprison homosexuals, but an analogy to the relation between strong inclinations and moral responsibility. We could easily apply the Just

The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom The WritePass Journal

The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom INTRODUCTION The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom INTRODUCTION  1.1 Research Title1.2 Research Question 1.3 Research Objectives1.4 Background and Definition  2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1   History and concept of outsourcing2.2 The reasons behind HSBC outsourcing2.3 The outsourcing strategy of HSBC2.4 The impact of outsourcing on HSBC3. CONCLUSIONREFERENCE LISTBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated INTRODUCTION   1.1 Research Title The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom 1.2 Research Question What is the impact of outsourcing on HSBC bank in the UK? 1.3 Research Objectives The objectives behind reviewing previous literatures and doing this project are: To discuss the concept of outsourcing To identify and understand the outsourcing strategy of HSBC bank, UK To analyse how outsourcing has impacted on the HSBC bank in the UK 1.4 Background and Definition HSBC Holdings is one of the largest banks across the globe.   Pal and Pantaleo (2005) suggest that HSBC Holdings has over 9500 offices scattered in 80 countries. Outsourcing has been defined by many authors.   Laabs, C. (1997) as summarised by Embleton Wright. (1998, p. 94) defines outsourcing as â€Å"†¦ having an outside vendor provide a service that you usually perform ins of IT outsourcing are system analysis, data processing and security management among others.   On the other hand, BPO are back office administration, call centres, document processing and management of other selected processes. Offshore outsourcing is a subcategory of outsourcing where banks outsource services to a third party in another country other than the one in which the bank is based.   This relates to HSBC as it already has a number of processing centres in India and Malaysia according to Pal and Pantaleo (2005).   As discussed by Rohde (2003), it planned to move some business tasks such as data processing and call centre enquiries to India, Malaysia and China by 2006. The next part of the paper draws on the critical literature review which explores the overall concept of outsourcing related to HSBC.   It explores different sub sections which are discussed in detailed.   2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1   History and concept of outsourcing This section provides some historical background of the concept of outsourcing.   According to Jacques (2006), outsourcing also known as offshore outsourcing, started in the 1950s.   At that time, manufactured products rather than services were mostly outsourced.   Jacques further suggests that Nike and Reebok were among the first to subcontract their production of shoes to Taiwanese and Korean suppliers.   However, Busi Mclvor (2008) and Lonsdale Cox (2000) argued that it is very difficult or rather impossible to determine the origin of outsourcing. Jacques (2006), Lonsdale Cox (2000), Jiang Quresh (2005) and Foogooa (2008) all agreed that the concept of outsourcing for services emerged in the 1990s.   Services such as canteen management and security have however been outsourced since the early 1960s or even earlier. The size and array of activities has drastically increased in the last 15–20 years to add in logistics, IT, finance, accounting and personnel.   Many banks and financial institutions have since been moving their payroll, IT systems and customer services offshore. The outsourcing industry is one of the largest industries in the UK.   The country is home to practically one fifth of all outsourcing agreements. Goodman Fox (2008) suggested that outsourcing was originally used during the recession period by firms to cut costs and achieve productivity.   It is now more often considered as a key part of organisational change programme and also a strategic activity. In the public sector, extensive outsourcing which is more generally known as contracting-out began in the 1980s. It first began in the local government and then continued to central government in the 1990s.   The next section will draw on the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing. 2.2 The reasons behind HSBC outsourcing This section will limit it discussion to the various reasons which forced the bank to outsource some work.   As stated by Kripalani (2006), â€Å"HSBC decided to outsource mainly because the need to constantly improve technology was becoming difficult for the bank, drawing attention away from its core financial-services business.†Ã‚   However, Pal Pantaleo (2005) argue that increasing pressure from Citigroup to remain competitive on cost triggered HSBC to outsource. With a revolution in technology, banks should be able to provide fast and efficient technology.   While almost all banking transactions are now done online, HSBC had to move to a new technology platform to remain competitive and become more efficient.   Hence, the UK based bank had to outsource its IT support and software development in India and Malaysia.   Being in the financial services industry, HSBC could not cope with the increasing new technologies adopted by other banks. The other reason behind the decision to outsource was indeed cost saving.   Griffiths (2003) cited that HSBC justified its decision to slash jobs from the UK to Asia in an attempt to cut costs.   HSBC goes on to say that labour costs in India for example is much cheaper than in UK.   The cost to maintain IT and back office work in the UK is quite high.   Labour cost is relatively much higher in the UK than in Asian countries and economies of scale make the cost cheaper in those countries.   Kripalani (2006) contended that the bank wanted to get the job done as fast as possible even if it means putting more workers on the job.   As a result the job is done much quicker as a lower cost.  Ã‚   The HSBC bank also looked to India as the country’s reputation for quality software work was becoming increasingly known. Moreover, access to the huge and potential Asian market is made easier by outsourcing in those countries as the bank gets more familiar to the local laws and regulations. 2.3 The outsourcing strategy of HSBC Lee, Miranda and Kim (2004) divide IT outsourcing strategies into three categories which are degree of integration, allocation of control and performance period.   According to Kripalani (2006), HSBC learned from its outsourcing experience to develop strategies.   The first strategy is to start small.   HSBC started out a centre with only 30 people and many mistakes were made in the beginning.   The bank therefore learned from those mistakes. Furthermore, by starting from scratch, it helped to build a relationship from the start with various departments. The second strategy is customer involvement.   While trying to upgrade its international financial processing system, HSBC found out that it is crucial that experts get involve rather than making a request on paper only.  Ã‚   Thirdly, the use of a hybrid offshoring model is another strategy.   Moreover HSBC bank built a sense of community within the organisation to work towards quality work. Finally HSBC made sure that quality is maintained as it is a key factor to successful business.   HSBC in-house short-term jobs and outsource long-term work.   It can be argued that all those strategies above might not be enough for a successful outsourcing.   How about supervision and control? Another strategy pointed out by Farrell (2009) is that HSBC in the UK split its service into two, with ordinary account holders served by Indian call centres and premier account holder by UK call centres. 2.4 The impact of outsourcing on HSBC HSBC has a wholly owned BPO subsidiary in Kolkata which employs 2000 employees working on back-office operations.   It also has a software development centre in Pune. According to Mann (2005), HSBC â€Å"revealed a 37% rise in pre-tax profit to  £9.2bn ($17.6bn) for 2004 largely on the back of the companys performance outside the UK.†Ã‚   Again quoting Mann (2005) â€Å"expansion for HSBC has not been without its share of problems.† Due to outsourcing to cut down costs, HSBC had to face trade unions who were not happy with the increasing cutting down of jobs in the UK.   Farrell (2009) stated that â€Å"HSBC ran into a row over its latest round of job cuts yesterday when the main trade union representing its staff claimed the banks announcement of 1,200 redundancies was fewer than half the real number.†Ã‚   Mann (2005) makes the point that concerns were raised in the UK about outsourcing banking services such as call centres in India due to quality standard.   Moreover during the Asian crisis HSBC lost quite a lot of money due to outsourcing activities there.   As said by King (2010), IT and outsourcing costs increased in 2009 due to progress in the bank’s standardisation plan. Research by Embleton Wright (1998) suggests that outsourcing brings benefits as well as drawbacks.   They claim that the main advantage is cost saving.   By outsourcing, small companies benefit from economies of scale whereas large companies benefit from the transfer of departments which are not performing well.   They go on to suggest that other benefits are time saving to set up the department, hidden costs which are discovered, activities which are outside the company’s core business are taken care by experts, cash injection by selling assets when an activity is outsourced, greater flexibility in allocating human resources, accountability by the suppliers to provide agreed level of service which may not be controlled if activities are in-house, more free staffs in-house to do other important tasks, access to specialist tools, skills and technology, geographical problems may be reduced and finally outsourcing can improve quality due to the expertise of the provider. On the other hand, they also point out that the drawbacks include unsuccessful attempt to reduce costs, the surrender of control, difficulty and cost involve in bringing back a process in-house, morale of existing staffs may be affected due to cut in staffs, costly contracts and lost in quality. 3. CONCLUSION As in the previous sections, outsourcing has emerged from a practice mostly done to cut costs on a temporary basis to a strategy adopted by many companies around the world.   HSBC bank in the UK outsources mainly to cut costs and remain competitive in the fast moving technology world.   It mostly outsource its IT and back office work such as customer service and data processing. Having outsourced from the beginning, the bank has learned to adopt outsourcing strategies such as starting small, maintaining good relationship and quality.  Ã‚   On balance it can be concluded that outsourcing has had a rather effective impact on HSBC by cutting costs but other risks such as increase in outsourcing costs should be managed. The impact on local employees’ morale has to be considered also.   Moreover according to BBC News (2006), a worker in the data processing department in Bangalore has been taking money from customers’ accounts by hacking the system.   Although the customers’ were reimbursed, it had a huge impact on the security of data held outside the UK.   Nasscom, the trade body for the Indian IT and services sector, commented that they are aware that customers prefer to deal with call centres that are based in the UK rather than outside firstly because of the language difficulties and the opportunity to deal with the local branch. REFERENCE LIST Books Barrar, P. Gervais, R. (2006). Global outsourcing strategies: an international reference on effective outsourcing relationships. Hampshire: Gower Plublishing Limited. HSBC. (2007). HSBCs Guide to Cash and Treasury Management in Asia Pacific 2008. Hong Kong: PPP Company Ltd. Jacques, V. (2006). International outsourcing strategy and competitiveness: Study on Current Outsourcing Trends : IT, Business Processes, Contact Centers Paris: Publibook. Kondabagil, J. (2007). Risk Management in electronic banking: concepts and bestt practices. Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd. Pal, N., Pantaleo, D. C. (2005). The agile enterprise: reinventing your organization for success in an on-demand world. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. Journals/Magazines Busi, M., McIvor, R. (2008). Setting the outsourcing research agenda: the top 10 most urgent outsourcing areas. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal. 1(3) p. 185-197. Embleton, P. R., Wright, P. C. (1998). A practical guide to successful outsourcing. Empowerment in Organization. 6(3) p. 94-106. Foogooa, R. (2008). IS outsourcing – a strategic. Business Process Management Journal. 14(6) p. 858-864. Gibson, V.M. (1996). Outsourcing can save money and efficiency.   Benefits Administration. March. p. 19. Goodman, R, Fox, M. (2008). Outsourced and Business Services A UK Success Story. BSA – The Business Services Association. November p. 6. Lee, J., Miranda, S. M., Kim, Y. (2004). IT Outsourcing Strategies: Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Explanations of Success. Information Systems Research. 15(2) p. 110-131. Lonsdale, C., Cox, A. (2000). The historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad? Industrial Management Data Systems. 100(9) p. 444-450. O’Riordan, A., Sweeney, E. (2007). An investigation into outsourcing practice in Ireland: a new direction in logistics and supply chain management. European Transport\Trasporti Europei. 35. p. 64-80. Rohde, L. (2003). Bank Gets Earful for Exporting IT Jobs. CIO.   1st December. pp. 24-26. Websites BBC News (2006). Man held in HSBC India scamprobe . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5122886.stm [Accessed:   2 May 2011] King, L. (2010). HSBC profits increase, but so do IT and outsourcing costs. [Online]. Available from: cio.co.uk/news/3234073/hsbc-profits-increase-but-so-do-it-and-outsourcing-costs/ [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Kripalani. (2006). HSBCs Lessons in Outsourcing . [Online]. Available from: businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_05/b3969426.htm [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Mann, H. (2005). HSBC banking on global expansion . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4268223.stm [Accessed:   15 March 2011] Farrell, S. (2009). HSBCs 1,200 job cuts spark row with union. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbcs-1200-job-cuts-spark-row-with-union-1654297.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011] Griffiths, K. (2003). HSBC to outsource 4,000 UK bank jobs to Asia. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbc-to-outsource-4000-uk-bank-jobs-to-asia-583652.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011] BIBLIOGRAPHY    Books Jacques, V. (2006). International outsourcing strategy and competitiveness: Study on Current Outsourcing Trends : IT, Business Processes, Contact Centers Paris: Publibook. Pal, N., Pantaleo, D. C. (2005). The agile enterprise: reinventing your organization for success in an on-demand world. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. Journals/Magazines Busi, M., McIvor, R. (2008). Setting the outsourcing research agenda: the top 10 most urgent outsourcing areas. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal. 1(3) p. 185-197. Embleton, P. R., Wright, P. C. (1998). A practical guide to successful outsourcing. Empowerment in Organization. 6(3) p. 94-106. Foogooa, R. (2008). IS outsourcing – a strategic. Business Process Management Journal. 14(6) p. 858-864. Gibson, V.M. (1996). Outsourcing can save money and efficiency. Benefits Administration. March. p. 19. Goodman, R, Fox, M. (2008). Outsourced and Business Services A UK Success Story. BSA – The Business Services Association. November p. 6. Lee, J., Miranda, S. M., Kim, Y. (2004). IT Outsourcing Strategies: Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Explanations of Success. Information Systems Research. 15(2) p. 110-131. Lonsdale, C., Cox, A. (2000). The historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad? Industrial Management Data Systems. 100(9) p. 444-450. Websites BBC News (2006). Man held in HSBC India scamprobe . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5122886.stm [Accessed:   2 May 2011] King, L. (2010). HSBC profits increase, but so do IT and outsourcing costs. [Online]. Available from: cio.co.uk/news/3234073/hsbc-profits-increase-but-so-do-it-and-outsourcing-costs/ [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Kripalani. (2006). HSBCs Lessons in Outsourcing . [Online]. Available from: businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_05/b3969426.htm [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Mann, H. (2005). HSBC banking on global expansion . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4268223.stm [Accessed:   15 March 2011]   Farrell, S. (2009). HSBCs 1,200 job cuts spark row with union. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbcs-1200-job-cuts-spark-row-with-union-1654297.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011] Griffiths, K. (2003). HSBC to outsource 4,000 UK bank jobs to Asia. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbc-to-outsource-4000-uk-bank-jobs-to-asia-583652.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011]

Significance of the Copernican Principle

Significance of the Copernican Principle The Copernican principle (in its classical form) is the principle that the Earth does not rest in a privileged or special physical position in the universe. Specifically, it derives from the claim of Nicolaus Copernicus that the Earth was not stationary, when he proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system. This had such significant implications that Copernicus himself delayed publishing the results until the end of his life, out of fear of the sort of religious backlash suffered by Galileo Galilei. Significance of the Copernican Principle This may not sound like a particularly important principle, but its actually vital to the history of science, because it represents a fundamental philosophical change in how intellectuals dealt with humanitys role in the universe ... at least in scientific terms. What this basically means is that in science, you shouldnt assume that humans have a fundamentally privileged position within the universe. For example, in astronomy this generally means that all large regions of the universe should be pretty much identical to each others. (Obviously, there are some local differences, but these are just statistical variations, not fundamental differences in what the universe is like in those different places.) However, this principle has been expanded over the years into other areas. Biology has adopted a similar viewpoint, now recognizing that the physical processes which control (and formed) humanity must be basically identical to those that are at work in all other known lifeforms. This gradual transformation of the Copernican principle is well presented in this quote from The Grand Design by Stephen Hawking Leonard Mlodinow: Nicolaus Copernicus heliocentric model of the solar system is acknowledged as the first convincing scientific demonstration that we humans are not the focal point of the cosmos.... We now realize that Copernicus result is but one of a series of nested demotions overthrowing long-held assumptions regarding humanitys special status: were not located at the center of the solar system, were not located at the center of the galaxy, were not located at the center of the universe, were not even made of the dark ingredients constituting the vast majority of the universes mass. Such cosmic downgrading [...] exemplifies what scientists now call the Copernican principle: in the grand scheme of things, everything we know points toward human beings not occupying a privileged position. Copernican Principle versus Anthropic Principle In recent years, a new way of thinking has begun to question the central role of the Copernican principle. This approach, known as the anthropic principle, suggests that maybe we shouldnt be so hasty to demote ourselves. According to it, we should take into account the fact that we exist and that the laws of nature in our universe (or our portion of the universe, at least) have to be consistent with our own existence. At its core, this isnt fundamentally at odds with the Copernican principle. The anthropic principle, as generally interpreted, is more about a selection effect based on the fact that we do happen to exist, rather than a statement about our fundamental significance to the universe. (For that, see the participatory anthropic principle, or PAP.) The degree to which the anthropic principle is useful or necessary in physics is a hotly debated topic, particularly as it relates to the notion of a supposed fine-tuning problem within the physical parameters of the universe.

Fiscal Impact That Economic Crisis Has Had On Law Enforcement Essay

Fiscal Impact That Economic Crisis Has Had On Law Enforcement Organizations - Essay Example Since then, policing has been a significant division of the public. Since policing is an important sector in the society. The police of the 21st century are faced with new challenges that need to be discussed. This easy is going to take the readers through the five most important challenges that the 21st centaury police are facing. These five main challenges include governance, cost and cuts, resources, crime and detection and operational priority. Considering the above challenges brings as to the main statement: The officers of Law Enforcement are faced with numerous challenges today as they risk their lives to defend and serve their communities. The tripartite model of Police Authority, Chief Constable and Home Office is very unclear with the existing grate confusion over the roles and responsibility. A solution needs to provide for the professional governance of the police service which is in a confused mess. The removal of NPIA and the changes cried out in SOCA model are a sign the challenges are being treated with seriousness. There are numerous quangos and technical empires and fiefdoms. The skills and expertise contained inside the large number of departments need consolidation and identification, applying the formulae of money value for areas and individuals. The ACPO statue plus all of his 349 members need to be repositioned and remodeled so that there is an increment in accountability and transparency. For there to be confident from the public, the reposition must start from the top with the structure of governance that makes the people who found it accountable, instead of the self perpetuating oligarchy that curren tly pervades. The question that the readers need to ask themselves is that, should there be 43 separately governed different forces within Wales and England (May and Herbert, 2010)? After many years of growth, the pressure in the service has heightened for them to demonstrate that they

The Changes in the Way the Company Produces and Market Products and ho Case Study - 101

The Changes in the Way the Company Produces and Market Products and how they Address Customer Issues - Case Study Example The new approach proposed by the company will improve its competitive advantage over the Chinese rival firms due to the LWT’s proximity to the U.S. market. LWT is close to its consumers hence they will enjoy low transport cost than its competitors (Case study, N.d). The operation cost will decrease when they start dealing with customers directly instead of selling their products through decorating centers. The cost of holding inventory will also reduce and since they will use the internet and catalog to reach the customers that will result in the reduction of marketing expenses (McCormick &  Duff,  2011). Furthermore, the company will obtain a quick response from the clients and be able to offer a quick solution and increase customer satisfaction than its rivals in China (Case study, N.d). The effects of the proposed decision will result to the reduced price of products due to a reduction in inventory and marketing expenditure hence increased customer satisfaction.

Racial, Gender, And Sexual Oriention Micro Aggressions Essay Example for Free

Racial, Gender, And Sexual Oriention Micro Aggressions Essay The three types of micro aggression are racial micro aggression, gender micro aggression, and sexual orientation micro aggression. Racial micro aggression consists of subtle insults which can be verbal, nonverbal, or visual directed towards people of color, often automatically or unconsciously. It is a subtle form of racism. Racial micro aggression can take a number of different forms including: nullifying racial-cultural issues, making stereo-typical assumptions, and cultural insensitivity. They also play a role in unfairness in the legal system as they can influence the decisions of juries. Gender micro aggression is related to acts that perpetuate stereotypical gender roles. An example of this could be a male faculty member asking his male colleagues to help him work out a glitch in a piece of equipment in his laboratory but not asking his female colleagues making the notion that a woman’s mechanical aptitude is inferior to that of a man’s. These gender micro aggressions include devaluing, minimizing, belittling, and demeaning comments about women and women associated activities. Sexual orientation micro aggression is associated with actions that maintain stereotypes about homosexuals. An example of this would be assuming that all homosexual males personify women with high-pitched voices and manicured nails and that all lesbians have manly characteristics that signify that they are gay. The dynamics of micro aggression are the forces that tend to produce activity and change in racial, gender, and sexuality incidents. The dynamics behind micro aggression also tend to send messages towards people. An example of this could be when an white person asks an Asian American or Latino American to teach them words in their native language. This sends the message that they aren’t American and a foreigner. Another example would be a white person stating that an African American is very articulate. The actual message it sends is that it is unusual for someone of color to be intelligent. There are four dilemmas that we face during micro aggression. The first is the clash of racial realities where white Americans tend to think that racism is on the decline and that African Americans are doing better in life than 30 or 40 years ago. On the reverse side, blacks view whites as racially insensitive. The second dilemma is the invisibility of unintentional expressions of bias. This refers to the issue that in most cases racial biases are invisible and the wrongdoer is unaware of any injustice. The third is the perceived minimal harm of racial micro aggressions. This conveys the fact that when an individual is confronted with their micro aggressive acts the perpetrator usually believes that the victim has overreacted or is being overly sensitive. The last dilemma is the Catch 22 of responding to micro aggressions. The victim is usually perplexed about how to react whether it be deciding to do nothing or confronting the perpetrator. Sometimes, micro aggression can manifest in counseling. Under Denial of Individual Racism, a common response by Whites to people of color is that they can understand and relate to experiences of racism. Under Color Blindness, for example, a client of color stresses the importance of racial experiences only to have the therapist reply, â€Å"We are all unique. We are all individuals. † or â€Å"We are all human beings or the same under the skin. † These colorblind statements, which were intended to be supportive, to be sympathetic, and to convey an ability to understand, may leave the client feeling misunderstood, negated, invalidated, and unimportant. In clinical practice, micro aggressions are likely to go unrecognized by White clinicians who are unintentionally and unconsciously expressing bias. As a result, therapists must make a concerted effort to identify and monitor micro aggressions within the therapeutic context. CHAPTER 7 CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES The communication styles identified in this chapter were verbal and non-verbal. Most communication specialists believe that only 30 to 40 percent of what is communicated conversationally is verbal. There are a number of non-verbal communication styles. These are proxemics, kinesics, paralanguage, and high-low context communication. The two concepts presented in sociopolitical facets of nonverbal communication were 1. Nonverbals as reflections of bias this is represented in the example of the white women walking down the street past the white, black, and latino teenager. When passing the black and latino teenager she automatically clutched her purse and switched it to the other side. The women who switched their purse were operating from stereotype, biases, and preconceived notions about what minority youngsters are like. 2. Nonverbals as triggers to biases and fear this is represented in the differences in that which cultures communicate. Whites often perceive black persons as a â€Å"threat† because of the way in which they communicate. Blacks are often high-key, animated, heated, and confrontational. They also believe the black male to be hostile, angry and prone to violence. Implications for Clinical Practice 1. Recognize that no one style of counseling or therapy will be appropriate for all populations and situations. 2. Become knowledgeable about how race, culture and gender affect communication styles. 3. Become aware of your own communication and helping styles. 4. Try to obtain additional training and education on a variety theoretical orientations and approaches 5. Know that each school of counseling and therapy has strengths but they might be one dimensional 6. Use an approach in training programs that call for openness and flexibility in conceptualizing the issues and actual skill building. It is important to know this because communication styles are strongly influenced by race, culture, ethnicity, and gender. These implications lend support to the notion that various racial groups exhibit differences in communication style. CHAPTER 8 MULTICULTURAL FAMILY COUNSELING AND THERAPY There were five components of the multicultural family counseling and therapy: a conceptual model. 1. People Nature Relationships 2. Time Dimension 3. Relational Dimension 4. Activity Dimension 5. Nature of People Dimension Activity Dimension The primary characteristic of White U. S. cultural values and beliefs is the action orientation. They believe that we must master and control nature, we must always do something about a situation, and that we should always take a pragmatic and utilitarian view of life. Counselors expect clients to master and control their own life and environment and to take action to resolve their problems. It is evident everywhere and is reflected in how White Americans identify themselves by occupation. American Indians and Latinos/Hispanics prefer a being or being-in-becoming mode of activity. The American Indian concepts of self determination and noninterference are examples. The Latinos/Hispanics believe that people are born with dignity and deserve to be treated with respect. They are born with innate worth and importance. The inner soul and spirit are more important than the body. Both the Asian and African Americans operate from the doing orientation. However, the â€Å"doing† manifests differently than in White American lifestyle. The active dimension in Asians is related not to individual achievement, but to achievement via conformity to family values and demands. African Americans exercise considerable control in the face of adversity to minimize discrimination and to maximize success. Nature of People Dimension Middle class White Americans generally perceive the nature of people to be neutral. Environmental issues such as conditioning, family upbringing, and socialization are believed to be the dominant forces in determining the nature of the person. People are neither good nor bad but are a product of their environment. African Americans tend to have a mixed concept of people, but like their White counterparts, they believe people are generally neutral. Asian Americans and American Indians tend to emphasize the inherent goodness of people. Latinos may be described as holding the view that human nature is both good and bad. The Key Points for Clinical Practice 1. Know that our increasing diversity presents us with different cultural concepts of the family. 2. Realize that families cannot be understood apart from the cultural, social, and political dimensions of their functioning. 3. When working with a racial/ethnic group different from you, make a concerted and conscientious effort learn as much as possible about their definition of family and the values along with it. 4. Be attentive to cultural family structure and extended family ties. 5. Don’t prejudge based on your own ethnocentric perspective. 6. Realize that most minority groups view the wifely role as less important than the motherly role. 7. Utilize the natural help giving networks and structures that already exist in the minority culture in community. 8. Recognize that helping can take many forms. These forms often appear quite different than our own, but they are no less effective or legitimate. Multicultural counseling calls for the counselor to modify our goals and techniques to fit the needs of minority populations. 9. Assess the importance of ethnicity to clients and families. 10. Realize that the role of family counselor cannot be confined to culture bound rules. Effective multicultural counseling may include validating and strengthening ethnic identity increasing ones own awareness and use of the client support system, serving as a culture broker, and becoming aware of the advantages and disadvantages of being from the same or different ethnic background as your client. You shouldn’t feel you need to know everything about the ethnic group, you should avoid polarization of cultural issues. 11. Accept the notion that the family therapist will need to be creative in intervention techniques when working with minorities. Bold = most important points in clinical practice CHAPTER 9 NON-WESTERN INDIGENOUS METHODS OF HEALING Culture bound syndromes are disorders specific to a cultural group or society but not easily given a DSM diagnosis. These illnesses or afflictions have local names with distinct culturally sanctioned beliefs surrounding causation and treatment. They include amok, ataque de nervios, brain fag, ghost sickness, koro, mal de ojo, nervios, and rootwork. It is very important for mental health professionals to become familiar not only with the cultural background of their clients, but to be knowledgeable about specific culture bound syndromes. A primary danger from lack of cultural understanding is the tendency to overpathologize or overestimate the degree of pathology. The principles of indigenous healing 1. The healing begins with an opening prayer and ends with a closing prayer. The pule creates an atmosphere for healing and involves asking the family gods for guidance. The gods aren’t asked to intervene but grant wisdom, understanding and honesty. 2. The ritual elicits a truth telling sanctioned by the gods and makes compliance among participants a serious matter. The leader states the problem, prays for a spiritual fusion, reaches out to resistant family members, and attempts to unify the group 3. Muhiki occurs which is a process of getting to the problems. The foregiving, releasing of wrongs, the hurts, and the conflicts produces a deep sense of resolution. 4. After the closing prayer the family participates in pant, the ritual in which food is offered to the gods and the participants. Implications for Clinical Practice 1. Do not invalidate the indigenous practices of your culturally diverse client. 2. Become knowledgeable about indigenous beliefs and healing practices. 3. Realize that learning about indigenous healing and beliefs entails experimental or lived realities. 4. Avoid overpathologizing and underpathologizing a culturally diverse clients problems. 5. Be willing to consult with traditional healers or make use of their services. 6. Recognize the spirituality is an intimate aspect of the human condition and a legitimate aspect of mental health work. 7. Be willing to expand your definition of the helping role to the community work and involvement.

Pride and Prejudice Essay: The Function Of Dance -- Pride Prejudice Es

The Function Of Dance in Pride And Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice, set in the Regency Period, dance performs several important functions.   Dance patterns emulate courtship rituals, marking dance as a microcosm for courtship and marriage - two main themes of the novel.   The Regency period propagated the belief that no ingredient was more essential to a courtship than dancing:   "To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love..." (Austen 7).   Therefore, knowledge of dance - dance steps as well as dance etiquette - was a crucial necessity and was often acquired through study and awareness of conduct codes.   These crucial codes were disseminated through popular courtesy/conduct books, which informed readers of correct dance steps, movements, and patterns, as well as socially acceptable etiquette.      Regency conduct codes also influenced interpretations of individual character, as social behavior was often considered the physical embodiment of character; thus, Austen's characters typically reveal their inner selves through their manners.   And, in the manner of courtesy writers who were "concerned with behavior, not only to others but as it concerns oneself" (Fritzer 4), Austen was concerned with the behavior patterns exhibited by her characters, especially upon the dance floor.   In this era particularly, a person's individual worth was manifested itself through performance on the dance floor:  Ã‚  Ã‚      As the courtesy books hint, dancing is a clue to character, negative as well as positive.   Austen shows that a lack of moderation combined with too great a love of pleasure reflects questionable character.   Other negative indications include poor dancing, des... ...Honan, Park.   Jane Austen - Her Life.   New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Kaplan, Deborah.   Structures of Status: Eighteenth-Century Social Experience as Form in Courtesy Books and Jane Austen's Novels. Diss. University of Michigan, 1979. Poplawski, Paul.   A Jane Austen Encyclopedia.   Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998. Rubinstein, E., ed.   Twentieth Century Interpretations of Pride and Prejudice.   Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1969. Tanner, Tony.   Jane Austen.   Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986. Wells, Richard.   "Manners Culture and Dress of the Best-American Society."   Accessed Online. 25 September 1998.   Available http://www.burrows.com/other/manners.html. Woods, Karen Sue Radford.   Dance in England Through a Study of Selected Eighteenth-Century Texts.   Diss.   Cornell University, 1980.  

Coffee shop business plan Essay

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Inspirational Grounds will provide a relaxing, Christian-focused, neighborhood-centered place with freshly roasted coffee, specialty drinks, good books, and music. Inspirational Grounds is the answer to an increasing demand. Our target market wants: Neighborhood businesses in South Central Minneapolis Great coffee at a competitive price A comfortable place to socialize with others with similar interests Inspirational Grounds’ goal is to provide the community with a social, entertaining atmosphere where Christian neighbors can meet each other in a neutral, non-denominational setting. Inspirational Grounds is incorporated as an S corporation. This will shield the owner from issues of personal liability and double taxation. This proposal is prepared to obtain financing in the amount of $80,000. The supplemental financing is required to prepare the selected site, purchase equipment, and cover expenses during the first year of operation. The owner will invest $15,000 of her own into the business. This financing will allow Inspirational Grounds to successfully open and maintain operations. The large initial capital investment will allow  Inspirational Grounds to provide its customers with an inviting atmosphere and quality products. A unique, upscale and innovative environment is required to provide customers with an atmosphere that will create socialization. Successful operation in year one will provide Inspirational Grounds with a customer base that will allow it to be self sufficient in year two. Even with our conservative sales forecast, we will maintain a positive cash flow in all months, repay the loan in 12 years, and have a positive net worth over $27,000 by year three. We project that our net profits will increase from $12,000 to over $14,000 over the next three years. CHART: HIGHLIGHTS 1.1 OBJECTIVES Inspirational Grounds’ objectives for the first three years of operation include: The creation of a unique, upscale, innovative spiritual environment that will differentiate Inspirational Grounds from local coffee shops. To make Inspirational Grounds the destination for quality coffee in a welcoming atmosphere for people who are serious about their coffee and growing in their spirituality. The formation of an environment that will bring people with diverse backgrounds and interests together in a common forum. To be an active and vocal member of the community, and to provide continual re-investment through participation in community activities and financial contributions. Consistently providing excellent specialty beverages, bakery items, inspirational books, and music. 1.2 KEYS TO SUCCESS The keys to the success for Inspirational Grounds are: The creation of a unique, innovative, upscale atmosphere that will differentiate Inspirational Grounds from other local coffee shops and future coffee shops. Fresh Coffee roasted on-site daily will give customers a unique experience as well as excellent product. Selling beverages and products that are of the highest quality. The creation of an environment that won’t intimidate the spiritual seeker. Inspirational Grounds will position itself as an educational resource for individuals wishing to learn about the benefits of growing spiritually. The establishment of Inspirational Grounds as a community hub for socialization and entertainment. Encourage the two most important values in Christianity: love and service. 1.3 MISSION As people are becoming more interested in their spiritual side, a neighborhood shop with excellent freshly roasted coffee and non-denominational Christian books and tapes, is a welcomed alternative and/or addition to the local church. Inspirational Grounds is a specialty beverage establishment focused on providing freshly roasted coffee beans, coffee/espresso drinks and information to enhance our customers’ spiritual experience. We also understand that coffee drinkers interested in growing spiritually want a destination, not just a location;we provide them with the best of both. Our goal is to be the destination for Christian coffee drinkers seeking a non-secular environment in the Twin Cities area. People of all ages and backgrounds will come to enjoy the unique upscale, educational, motivational and innovative environment that Inspirational Grounds provides. We believe it is important to remain an active member of the community and to impact our customers’ lives in more ways than the selling of specialty drinks. 2.0 COMPANY SUMMARY Inspirational Grounds, Minneapolis’ South Central area, will offer great specialty beverages and easy access to exciting spiritual information. Inspirational Grounds sells quality products and provides excellent customer service for coffee lovers and persons looking to enhance their spiritual experience. We are looking to lease a retail store which we will use to market and merchandise our products. The company took its name in July 2002, and organized as an S Corporation in October, 2003. Our book and music selection and helpful staff will appeal to the audience that is seeking to grow and learn spiritually in this age of uncertainty. This invigorating aspect will attract younger and elderly members alike who are gaining interest in their spiritual condition. The central location will provide easy access from most points of origin throughout the Twin City area for those who will recognize Inspirational Grounds as a destination point, as well as provide local community residents with convenient access to freshly roasted coffee. 2.1 COMPANY OWNERSHIP Inspirational Grounds is incorporated as an S corporation. This will shield the owner Regina Brown from issues of personal liability and double taxation. The Corporation was formed in October of 2003. 2.2 COMPANY LOCATIONS AND FACILITIES The site, Midtown Commons (Also known as the Sears Project), is located in South Central Minneapolis. The initial space is approximately 2,000 square feet and has ample space for the first three years of growth. The complex has ample parking and significant foot traffic from Allina Healthcare Office Facility. This area was chosen for various reasons, including: Proximity to other areas within the Twin Cities; Central location easily accessed. Proximity to the Lyn/Lake and Uptown areas. High Visibility. Proximity to the many local churches in South Central Minneapolis. Diverse population within the community. Desire for South Central Businesses. Scarcity of other coffee houses in the area. Proximity to the light rail depot and 12th Precinct of the Minneapolis police. All of these qualities are consistent with Inspirational Grounds’ goal of providing a community hub for socialization and entertainment. 2.3 START-UP SUMMARY Inspirational Grounds’ start-up costs will cover coffee, espresso, and specialty drink making equipment, micro-roasting equipment, training, site renovation and modification, capital for operating expenses in the first year, and the inventory necessary to provide customers with the information  needed to grow. A large portion of our start-up requirements will go towards the purchase of specialty drink equipment from Espresso Services, Inc. Our long-term assets will include: One espresso machine One micro-roasting system an Espresso grinder/doser water filtration system Expensed equipment includes: A Bulk grinder for drip coffee Single airpot brewer Smoothie blender Minor additional equipment Additionally, we need funding for initial inventory, both for the coffee shop side of things and the other specialty merchandise, books, and music. Music items will be purchased from Provident Music, Diamante Music Group, and New Day Christian Distributors among others. Books and other inspirational material will be purchased from Bridge-Logos Publishers, KCM, Bethany House Distributors, and others. The site Inspirational Grounds chooses will require funds for renovation and modification. A single estimated figure will be allocated for this purpose. The renovation/modification cost estimate will include the costs associated with preparing the site for opening business.

Morals and Values: To Kill A MockingBird Essay

Have you ever faced a difficult decision? Every day, we have to make decisions. Some of these decisions can be simple, but others can raise moral or ethical dilemmas. How does one go about making these moral or ethical decisions? People have value systems that can influence the moral or ethical decisions they make. This is clearly illustrated in the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, through the main character, George Milton and his interaction with his companion, Lennie. Steinbeck shows how George’s value system influences his moral and ethical decisions when George shows his care for Lennie, when he helps Lennie resolve his conflicts with other people, and when Lennie kills Curley’s wife. Steinbeck shows that George values companionship. It is shown throughout the story that George values companionship but at the same time, he wants his freedom. However, he cannot have his freedom because he has Lennie to take care of, but George doesn’t mind having Lennie and wants Lennie to stay with him no matter how much trouble Lennie gets into because Lennie gives him companionship. An example is when George gets mad at Lennie and tells Lennie the â€Å"swell time† he can have without him and Lennie responds, â€Å"George, you want I should go away and leave ya alone †¦ I could go off in the hills there. Some place I’d find a cave† (pg. 13). Ethically, since Lennie is an adult, George could have let Lennie leave so that George would his freedom to â€Å"stay in a cathouse, eat any place [he] wants, get a gallon of whisky, or set in a pool room and play cards or shoot pool† (pg. 12). However, George feels that he is morally responsible for Lennie, and says, â€Å"Yeah? How’d you eat? You ain’t got sense enough to find nothing to eat †¦ No-look! I was jus’ foolin’ Lennie. ‘Cause I want you to stay with me †¦ Tell you what I’ll do, Lennie. First chance I get, I’ll give you a pup (pg. 14)†. Steinbeck also shows that George has the values of being responsible and loyal to Lennie. The story is set at a ranch where the boss’s son, Curley and Curley’s wife reside. Curley is a short man who likes trying to pick up fights with other people that are bigger and stronger than him and is extremely protective of his wife. Curley’s wife is a lon ely woman who tries to seek company by talking to the farm workers. An example of George being responsible is when Curley is looking for his wife and the other men working on the ranch make fun of him because they despise him. However, when Curley sees that Lennie is smiling, because he is dreaming about rabbits, he thinks that Lennie is making fun of him, so he gets angry. Curley shouts to Lennie, â€Å"Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show ya who’s yella. †¦ Lennie looked helplessly at George†¦ George was on his feet yelling, Get him, Lennie. Don’t let him do it. Get ’im, Lennie† (pg. 61-62). George here is being responsible as a person to Lennie because he is telling Lennie how to protect himself and make sure that Lennie doesn’t get injured too much. Also, George is, in a way, obligated to take care of Lennie because of George’s promise. George made a promise to Lennie’s Aunt Clara before she died that he would take care of Lennie and George, who is loyal, does just that. George’s ethical decision is to protect Lennie from harm and tell him what to do because he knows that that the right thing to do. Towards the end of the book, Steinbeck shows that George has the value ofcaring when it comes to doing the right thing for Lennie. George knows that the task of killing Lennie is difficult and has to find inner strength to do it. There are many similarities between Candy, a friend of George and Lennie, and his dog and George and Lennie. Candy’s dog has stiff joints, very old, and because he stinks so bad, he is troublesome to others. Candy said that, â€Å"I been around him so much I never notice how he stinks.† Candy has been around his dog so much that he is used to the smell so therefore, he doesn’t notice it and because he is used to his dog being around he won’t be able to kill his dog. Similarly, Lennie can be a nuisance to George because he is constantly getting into trouble. And when Slim asks why George still has him, George says, â€Å"†¦you get used to goin’ around with a guy an’ you can’t get rid of him†. Like Candy and his dog, George has been with George for too long that now simply they are used to each other. Candy had to let his dog go because it was best for the dog. However, he let someone else kill his dog and Candy later tells George, â€Å"I ought to of shot that dog myself George. I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog.†George on the other hand, didn’t want anyone to hurt Lennie and knew that he must kill Lennie himself. The ethical decision here is that it is wrong to kill someone and technically, George is breaking the law. The moral part in George’s decision is that if George doesn’t kill him, then Lennie will be tortured and man-slaughtered by Curley. Also, George makes sure that Lennie dies in happiness by having him first think about the plan of getting a farm and tending to rabbits before George kills Lennie. Steinbeck portrays George as a person who has values defines who he is. Steinbeck had shown that George values companionship, responsibility, and loyalty while he fosters Lennie. Steinbeck shows how George’s value system influences George’s moral and ethical decisions when George shows his care for Lennie, when Lennie faces or gets into conflict with other people, and when Lennie kills Curley’s wife.

The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho

The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho The book, The Alchemist, can be described as a metaphor of life. It is funny how dreams can mould a person’s life. It is a paradox such that people consider other lifestyles as better than theirs thereby striving to get that life that belongs to other cultures, through that lives are transformed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dreams can also be seen as the driving forces behind an individual’s life, they bring about desires that mould an individual’s destiny because through them, then fate ceases to be the determinant of happenings in an individual’s life time. Santiago, a young shepherd, the main character in the story The Alchemist is portrayed by Paulo Coelho, as a go getter to some extent. He repeatedly gets a dream that haunts him and pushes him to follow it and thus his expedition in the story; he wants to achieve that dream (Coelho 34). Santiago gets the simple lessons of life of believing in the signs that one gets in life, even if it is just through dreams and following them till he achieves them. The crossing of cultures leads him to following his dreams which he finally achieves. The boy, Santiago is driven to search for the hidden treasure in Egypt making him cross many countries and even the wide Sahara desert whereby he meets different characters, both deceitful and truthful who shape his life, the same way the young Chinese man and other international students cross the borders to get to Melbourne to study, their treasure in this context, education. When the young man shows up in the author’s office with scratchy English (Coelho 45), it is evident that there is a bit of transformation from his past self to his present self. The young Chinese appreciated the author’s message that she had given him the first day he visited her office because she says so. In the same sprit of a ppreciation, the boy Santiago appreciated the advice given to him in the story which leads him to acquire the treasure that he set out to look for. For instance he gives the old man a share of his sheep, that is, a tenth of his flock and promises to give a tenth of his treasure to the old woman. The Chinese student on the other hand brings the tutor a painting of a well embroidered Chinese woman (Coelho 61). This therefore gives the importance of appreciating those who help us in our endeavors to acquire our different treasures in life.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the harsh experiences that he faces, the boy learns the value of being strong, patient, and persistent and being a hard working person. Regardless of the setbacks that he encounters a long the way, he does not give up. Just like Rachael, no potential was seen in her as a nurse, she was disco uraged by her tutors that she could not make it as a children’s nurse, but her so many visits to the Occupational Health Department which convinced the tutors that she was capable of becoming a nurse saw her through (Coelho 25). It took a year to convince them, and about fifteen visits and in the long run she was allowed to take up the career path that she had dreamt of and desired to do. Her desire and persistence to follow her dream made her accomplish her heart desires. Following a dream can sometimes seem too hard and expensive but the determination in it tells all about the conviction that one has. The boy in the story The Alchemist is portrayed by Coelho as humble and a brave character. The king tells him that when he wants something, the world will always conspire to help him achieve it, and now that he wants to get the treasure then he is going to get it as long as he is ready to face the challenges (Coelho 24). The challenges he faces in foreign lands can be likened to the challenges faced by those living in the outer suburbs of Melbourne. We are told that the further one lives away from the city, the more harsh life is for them because life there is a bit depressing and that there is little or even no amenities at all. The public transport system is also poor. The kinds of houses that are there are in a sorry state just like street lights are not in proper functioning conditions. Fitting into a new culture can be demoralizing more especially after relocation to a new place, but regardless of this, accepting the prevailing conditions in order to achieve one’s heart desires is reason enough to go on, the international students face problems of housing but with perseverance they the can achieve their ultimate goals and desires. The boy Santiago takes up every opportunity that comes his way, he wallows through so much problems that he encounters along his path of getting to the treasure, he worked hard towards his destiny because no problem was too big for him to deal with. We find that dreaming is one thing and following that dream is another, Rachael had a dream of becoming a nurse, she felt that she really needed to give back to the community and serve the people who had made a great difference in her life and that is why she really wanted to be a children’s nurse, she was laughed at told on several occasions that it was never going to happen because a nursing course was not suitable for her and that she was fit to a desk job (Coelho 25).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, her desire to follow her dream was the driving force that led her to achieving it in the long run. Had she given up a long the way due to the words of discouragement from even her tutors she could not have become a voice to reckon to the parents of the sick children that she attended to at the Childr en’s Out-patient Department (Coelho 25). In the story, we are also brought to a level ground where freedom to choose what one wants to do should be embraced and given room to drive us. Freedom is the ability for one to do what he or she likes and that entails following one’s heart. Through this one is capable of exploiting his or her own potentialities and doing something that is self fulfilling, if one is made to do something that dictates his or her destiny in a forceful way then the end results will always be bitter. The boy chooses to travel the world because this is his inner calling other than studying theology and becoming a priest. He enjoys the life of adventure and travelling to new places. On her part, Rachael could have been forced to do a desk job because of her health something that she could have done regretfully thereby ending up a slave in a career path that on the contrary should have brought her inner peace and happiness. The boy was allowed to follo w his heart which led him later on to acquire his life experiences that are worthwhile, even more than he could have achieved material treasures. The challenges faced by adapting to a new culture can some times be too much to bear, but how ready is a person to bear with the challenges that come with it? At the same time, it can be hard to make a dream a reality but how persistent that can one be to catch up with that dream (Coelho 89)? Both parties therefore should equip themselves with the communication gear which most definitely is the vehicle that will enable one to get to his or her destiny. The individual will get room to express him/her self thereby appreciating each other as well as compromising with each other’s feelings where possible, that way the joy of learning will have come into play. Once a dream has been hatched then the determination and persistence that will be employed in making it a reality is what will determine whether it is going to be the destiny of an individual and that is what brings in the difference between destiny and fate. Though not sure of his destiny, he strives to get it no matter the challenges, and his life experiences show that everyone needs to work hard to achieve success, one need to strive for the good things in life. This simply inspires people to put effort in order to achieve our goals, for one to make his or her dreams become a reality, he or she is not just gong to sit there and wait for dreams to fall into place, one needs to risk the good things in life in order to achieve better ones (Coelho 100).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coelho simply intends to bring to our attention that if one dreams and wishes for something then one should be persistent about it and be patient for long enough, one might loose an opportunity by getting tired at the last minute and give up so easily, and see the fruits after somebody else has achieved the fruits of our long suffering. Just like Santiago ones wishes can come in both material objects and life experiences, as for the case of Santiago, his journey to the Pyramids in Egypt, is his treasure. Coelho, Paulo. The Alchemist. New York. Harpertorch. 1993. pp. 1 – 163.

AP Euro Notes on Renaissance

AP Euro Notes on Renaissance Essay The balance of power among the Italian associates 1 . Italy had no political unity; it was divided into associates such as Milan, Venice, and Florence, the Papal States, and a kingdom of Naples in the south. 2. The political and economic competition among the associates prevented centralization of power. 3. Shifting alliances among the associates led to the creation of permanent ambassadors. 4. After 1494 a divided Italy became a European battleground. Intellectual hallmarks of the Renaissance A. Many, like the poet and humanist Patriarch, saw the fourteenth century as a new olden age and a revival of ancient Roman culture. B. Individualism 1 . Literature specifically concerned with the nature of individuality emerged. 2. Renaissance people believed in individual will and genius. C. Humanism 1 . Italians collected ancient manuscripts and monuments, and copied the ancient Roman lifestyle. 2. The study of the classics led to humanism, an emphasis on human beings. A. Humanists sought to understand human nature through a study of pagan and classical authors and Christian thought. B. The humanist writer Pico Della Miranda believed that there were no limits to what human beings could accomplish. . Ancient Latin style was considered superior to medieval Latin. D. Secular spirit 1 . Secularism means a concern with materialism rather than religion. 2. Unlike medieval people, Renaissance people were concerned with money and pleasure. A. In On Pleasure, Lorenz Villa defended the pleasure of the senses as the highest good. B. In the Dodecahedron, Vacation portrayed an acquisitive and worldly society. 3. The church did little to combat secularism; in fact, many popes were Renaissance patrons and participantsand the church even gave up its opposition to usury. Art and artists achievements, led by Florence and Rome. B. Art and power 1 . In the early Renaissance, powerful urban groups commissioned works of art, which remained overwhelmingly religious. 2. In the later fifteenth century, individuals and oligarchs began to sponsor works of art as a means of glorifications. 3. Wealthy people began to spend less on warfare and more on art and architecture. A. At first the bed chamber room was the most important, but later many other rooms were even more decorated. B. The homes private chapel was the most elaborate and expensive. 4. As the century advanced, art became more and more secular, and lassie subjects became popular. A. The style of art changed in the fifteenth century. B. The individual portrait emerged as a distinct genre. C. Painting and sculpture became more naturalistic and realistic, and the human body was glorified, as in the work of the sculptors Donated and Michelangelo. D. A new international style emphasized color, decorative detail, and curvilinear rhythms. E. In painting, the use of perspective was pioneered by Brucellosis and Della Francesca. C. The status of the artist 1 . The status of the artist improved during the Renaissance; most work was done by commission from a prince. . The creative genius of the artist was recognized and rewarded. 3. The Renaissance was largely an elitist movement; Renaissance culture did not directly affect the middle classes or the urban working class. 0 Social change of the Renaissance A. Education and political thought 1 . Humanists were interested in education, particularly the training of rulers, and moral behavior. A. Verger wrote a treatise on education that stressed the teaching of history, ethics, and rhetoric (public speaking). B. Castigations The Courtier, which was widely read, described the model Renaissance gentleman as a man of many Allens, including intellectual and artistic skills. C. Machiavellian The Prince described how to acquire, maintain, and increase political power. D. Machiavelli believed that the politician should manipulate people and use any means to gain power. E. Machiavelli did not advocate amoral behavior but believed that political action cannot be governed by moral considerations. B. The printed word 1. The invention in 1455 of movable type by Gutenberg, Fuss, and Such ¶offer made possible the printing of a wide variety of texts. . Printing transformed the lives of Europeans by making propaganda possible, encouraging a wider common identity, ND improving literacy. C. Clocks 1. By about 1320 some Europeans had learned how to quantify time by use of the mechanical clockmeaning bells. 2. Clocks were important for understanding and controlling urban-economic life. D. Women and work in R enaissance society 1 . Most women married, were responsible for domestic affairs, and frequently worked outside the home. 2. Women worked in ship building, textiles, agriculture, as well as midwives and servants. 3. READ: renaissance/sonnet study guideCompared to women in the previous age, the status of uppercases women declined during the Renaissance. 4.. The Renaissance did not include women in the general improvement of educational opportunities. Women were expected to use their education solely to run a household. E. Culture and 1 . With respect to sex and love, a double standard was applied as sex for women was restricted to marriage, while men could pursue sex outside of marriage. 2. The rape of women by uppercases men was frequent and not considered a serious offense. 3. Sex crimes occurred and were punished, but women appear to be victims in fewer cases than earlier. . Homosexual practice appears to have been common, particularly based on relationship between men and boys. 5. Some of this sexual activity seems to have evolved out of social-community needs of men. 6. The frequency of anti-sodomys laws in the fifteenth century suggests that homosexuality was widespread, difficult to out law, and important in shaping masculine gender identity. F. Blacks and ethnicity in Renaissance society 1 . Enslavement of Slavic peoples in eastern Europe was commonas Germans and others enslaved and/or sold Polish and Bohemian people. 2. Italians brought many white slaves to Europe by way of the Mediterranean. 3. Beginning in the fifteenth century, black slaves were brought into Europe in large numbers. 4. Black slavery in Europe appears to have been less harsh than that in America. 5. Some black rulers in Africa adopted a European lifestyle and participated in selling their black people into European slavery. 6. Africans, in fact, were of different ethnic groups and thus biracial. 7. Blacks as slaves and freemen filled a variety of positions, from laborers to dancers and actors and musicians. 8. The European attitude toward blacks was ambivalentblackness symbolized both evil and humility. 9. In the Renaissance, blacks were displayed as signs of wealth. 0 The Renaissance in the north began in the last quarter of the fifteenth century. A. It was more Christian than the Renaissance in Italy, and it stressed social reform based on Christian ideals. B. Christian humanists sought to create a more perfect world by combining the best elements of classical and Christian cultures. 1. Humanists like Left ©ever believed in the use of the Bible by common people. 2. Thomas More, the author of Utopia, believed that society, not people, needed improving. A. More was a Christian lawyer and minister of King Henry VIII. B. His Utopia was a socialistic society based on common ownership and social equality. 3. The Dutch monk Erasmus best represents Christian animus in his emphasis on education as the key to a moral and intellectual improvement and inner Christianity. C. The stories of the French humanist Rabbles were distinctly secular but still had a serious purpose. 1. Like More, Rabbles believed that institutions molded individuals and that education was the key to moral life. . His books on the adventures of Gargantuan and Pentagonal were spoofs on French social life. D. Northern art and architecture were more religious than in Italy and less influenced by classical themes and motifs. 1. Van Check painted realistic works with attention to human personality. 2. Busch used religion and folk legends as themes. 3. The city halls of northern Europe were grand architectural monuments. 0 Politics and the state in the Renaissance (ca. 1450-1521) A. Afterburners rulers began the process of order through centralization of power. 1. The result was the rise of many powerful and ruthless rulers interested in the centralization of power and the elimination of disorder and violence. 2. Many of them, such as Louis XSL of France, Henry VII of England, and Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, seemed to be acting according to Machiavellian principles. 3. These monarchs invested kingship with a monarchs were not entirely originalsome of them had their roots in the Middle Ages. 5. The ideas of the new monarchs were not entirely originalsome of them had their roots in the Middle Ages. B. France after the Hundred Years War 1 . READ: Humanism in Renaissance Art EssayCharles VII ushered in an age of recovery and ended civil war. A. He expelled the English, reorganized the royal council, strengthened royal finances, reformed the justice system, and remodeled the army. B. He made the church subject to the state. 2. Louis XSL expanded the French state and laid the foundations of later French absolutism. C. England also suffered from disorder. . Feudal lords controlled the royal council and Parliament in the fifteenth century. 2. Between 1455 and 1471, the houses of York and Lancaster fought a civil war called the Wars of the Roses that hurt trade, agriculture, and domestic industry. . Edward IV and his followers began to restore royal power, avoided expensive war, and reduced their reliance on Parliament for funds. 4. The English Parliament had become a power center for the aristocracy but was manipulated by Henry VII into becoming a tool of the king. 5. Henry VII used the royal council and the court of Star Chamber to check aristocratic power. 6. Henry VII and his successors won the support of the upper middle class promoting their interest in money, trade, and stability. D. Spain turned against its own cultural diversity 1 . The reconstitutes was the centurions attempt to unite Spain and expel Muslims and Jews. 2. The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella was the last major step in the unification and Christianization of Spain. A. Under their reign, however, Spain remained a loose confederation of separate states. B. They used the harnessed, or local police forces, to administer royal Justice. 3. Ferdinand and Isabella restructured the royal council to curb aristocratic power. . The church was also used to strengthen royal authority. 5. Ferdinand and Isabella completed the reconstitutes in 1492, but many Jews remained because they aided royal power. A. Jews were often financiers and professionals; many (called converses) had converted but were still disliked and distrusted. B. Needing a scapegoat during the Black Death, Spanish mobs killed many Jews. C. Ferdinand and Isabella revived the Inquisition and used its cruel methods to unify Spain and expel the Jews. 6. Spanish Christians rejected converses on the basis of raceout of fear of converses taking over public offices. Most Jews fled from Spain.

, discuss methods to evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed Essay

, discuss methods to evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed solution and variables to be assessed when evaluating project outcomes - Essay Example ng utilized across the nation with both open and private immunization suppliers and is proposed by legislative and nongovernmental immunization projects and medicinal expert social orders. Assessment alludes to the assessment of restorative records to determine the immunization rate for a characterized assembly of patients and also to give focused on conclusion for development. This step is crucial in light of the fact that numerous studies have recorded that most social insurance suppliers, while strong of immunizations, dont have a faultless recognition of their own practices immunization rates. Pediatricians in these studies incredibly overestimated the extent of completely vaccinated youngsters in their practices. Evaluation increments attentiveness to a suppliers genuine situation and gives a premise for ensuing activities by supplier staff. Feedback is the methodology of educating immunization suppliers about their execution in conveying one or more immunizations to a characterized customer populace. Appraisal together with feedback makes the mindfulness important for conduct change. Feedback for the most part comprises of the immunization program delegate meeting with fitting supplier staff and talking about the effects of the appraisal to figure out the following steps to be taken. Nobody thing will be adequate for each supplier, and a solitary supplier may require diverse sorts of cause at distinctive phases of advancement. Things like little tokens of thankfulness and giving asset materials at gatherings have helped suppliers approach their assignment absolutely and make an environment of cooperation, yet more term objectives must be acknowledged also. Incentives represent a test to the inventiveness of the project agent additionally offer the chance to attempt new plans. The last AFIX segment, trade of information, runs as an inseparable unit with incentives. The more information suppliers have about their practices immunization scope status, how it